TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS
AMAR FARUQ, S.Pd
AMAR FARUQ, S.Pd
(Ministry of Religious Teachers BK MIS Gresik In East Java)
A. FIGURE BIOGRAPHY
Eric Berne (1910-1970) a psychiatrist and psychoanalysis, received his M. D from McGill University in Montreal in 1953, and graduated from specialist psychiatrist at Yale University. In 1964 his first book Games People Play (a game that dimainakn people) became an international bestseller seacara. At the same time a new therapeutic approach, which reflects a radical abandonment of psychoanalysis, became popler widely in the 1960s (Corey, 1995: 373).
Berne developed the basic theory of transactional ananalisis in the 1950s. His discovery of the unconscious ego sattus sebaagi first phase of the historical development of transactional analysis. The discovery of the theory is based on experiments neorulogi which states that the status of the individual ego dialaimnya differ by stimulus.
B. HUMAN NATURE
Analysis antideterministik trasaksional rooted philosophy. Ditemaptkan faith in one's capacities for the above habit patterns and to select targets and new behaviors. This does not mean that they have absolutely no mempengaruyhinya thing could come to the determination of a critical life.
This analysis also recognizes that they are influenced by expectations and demands by other people significant to her, mainly because of prior decisions have been made at the time of their lives when they are very dependent on others. but the decision may be reviewed and challenged, and if the decision had been taken earlier are no longer suitable, can be made a decision.
C. PERSONALITY THEORY
Trasaksional analysis is seen as something positive, because humans can be improved ririskiky philosophical, dikembangnkan and converted directly through a secure, exciting and fun material. On the whole basic philosophy stems from the assumption that everything is OK, meaning that every individual has the basic behavior is fun and has the potential and desire to develop, and actualize themselves. In making the relationship denagn other people are very caring and nurturing individuals are talking with and invite others to happy, fit, and complement each other, which in the basic theory and practice of transactional nanlisi called I'm OK and You're OK, sebagiman occurred between the relationship husband and wife, father, employer employee, teacher-student, therapist-Kien, both as a balanced pair (Subandi, ed, 2003: 67).
Berne premise about ego status based on three hiopotesis valid at every indivudu occurred; 1. That any progress towards the maturity through the kanakkanak. 2. That every mansuia have a good brain tissue and capable of testing against reality seacar good. 3. That every individual who struggles to get to the adults already have a working parent or someone who is regarded as his parents (Subandi, 2004: 69)
Of the three hypotheses emerge that statement;
1. Pengalaman life-experience of childhood will continue to take place in her life and then be intangible sebaagi ego status.
2. Testing tealitas ego status is a function of its reality and not a separate and later intangible as an adult ego state.
3. In the implementation of the possibility of something outside the individual will be taken over
completely by the individual secaar and then intangible as the status of a parent's ego (Subandi,
2004: 69)
Transactional analysis classifies three separate patterns of behavior or status of the ego; parents, adults and children (TDA). Part parental personality is a introjek from parents and substitute parents. In the ego, the elderly, we re menagalai sebaagi imagine what feelings of our own parents in a situation or feel and act toward others as a diirasakan and done our parents to us. Parent ego status contains "should" and "should". Each of us has parents penagsuh and "parents critics."
Adult ego status is a data processor. This objective is part of a person who collects information about what is happening. This is not a emosioanl or who provide estimates but that work denagn dengann facts and external reality. Adults meyandang belief is that without a passion, but many problems are also mensayaratkan of empathy intuition that must be solved. Ego status of children consists of feelings of emotional encouragement as well as bolting a spontaneous child within each of us can be "pure child", the "little professor", or "foster child". Children are pure character trait that all people have; impulsive, untrained, spontaneous, aggressive. the "little professor" character Wisdom's children without going through school, Manipulative, egocentric, and creative, intuitive and play based on a feeling (original), "Child Pick up" characteristic: Modifications of pure desire children, modifications derived from traumatic experiences, demands, exercises, and decisions about how to the attention of people, while the. Foster child; sulking, approve, and rebellious (Corey, 1995: 375-376).
D. Destination therapy
Helping the client make keptusan daalm new framework, namely about tingkahlakunya sekrang pa-directed lives, how denagn way to assist clients to gain awareness of how the problem is related denagn mengahdapi clients freedom of choice and gives the option to determine how his life (Rosijan,).
E. The role and function of therapy
The therapist acts as a teacher is explaining techniques such as structural analysis, transaksioanl analysis, script analysis, and analysis of the game. The therapist helps the client in order to find conditions that are not profitable, adapt the plan of life and strategies in dealing denagn mengembangakn others. therapists assist clients in determining the alternatives (Subandi, ed, 2003: 83). Corey (1995: 386), states the task of therapy is to help clients get perangakt needed to get change, helping clients to find their internal strength to get denagn change the way decisions are more suitable.
F. The relationship between therapy and client
Like other behavioral therapies, this therapy requires more skill and a high sensitivity to establish a working hubunagn ddenagn clients. Therapist to be active and lead as well as the functioning sebaagi consultant and who can solve the problem. Therefore, they use hard brusaha model in encouraging behavior change in natural lingkunagn client, then the important thing to get attention is that they personally could be support (Corey, 1995: 422).
G. Technics and Therapy Process
The process of therapy in transaksioanal analysis approach consists of several methods, namely:
1. Structural Analysis
a. Is a device that can make man aware of the contents and functioning of the elderly, adults and children who exist in self meraka.
b. Clients can learn to identify the status of their egos.
2. Transaksioanal Analysis
a. A description of what they are doing and saying about her own and other people
b. What happens between people involving transactions ego status; if the message conveyed is
expected no response
c. 3 types of transactions; complementary, cross, & hidden
3. Complementary transactions
This can happen if the match between stimulus and response, proper and indeed expected that this transaction goes smoothly. For example conversation between two individuals who use the same egos status of parents, adults or children.
4. Cross Transactions,
This happens if between stimulus and response is not suitable or not as expected and usually this communication will be disrupted.
5. Transactions veiled,
Occur if the two operate together ego status. The bias can be felt include adult directed to adults, but hide the true suau message. For example, adult to child, or parent to child.
6. Modeling family
a. To deal with the elderly, adults and children and the constant
b. Clients are asked to imagine a scenario which includes as many org which significantly in the past, including himself
c. Clients as a director, producer, and actor
7. Analysis & leisure rituals
a. To deal with parents, adults & children constant
b. Clients are asked to imagine a scenario that includes as many people as significant in the past, including himself
c. Clients as a director, producer, and actor
8. Analysis & Racket games
Describes a game as a "hidden transaction sequence is complementary to the continuous walking forward toward the creation of well-ordered results and outcomes can be predicted"
9. Analysis twist
a. Part of the therapy process that will be able to identify the pattern of life followed by the client.
b. Client allows to choose a new alternative at the time of life
Eric Berne (1910-1970) a psychiatrist and psychoanalysis, received his M. D from McGill University in Montreal in 1953, and graduated from specialist psychiatrist at Yale University. In 1964 his first book Games People Play (a game that dimainakn people) became an international bestseller seacara. At the same time a new therapeutic approach, which reflects a radical abandonment of psychoanalysis, became popler widely in the 1960s (Corey, 1995: 373).
Berne developed the basic theory of transactional ananalisis in the 1950s. His discovery of the unconscious ego sattus sebaagi first phase of the historical development of transactional analysis. The discovery of the theory is based on experiments neorulogi which states that the status of the individual ego dialaimnya differ by stimulus.
B. HUMAN NATURE
Analysis antideterministik trasaksional rooted philosophy. Ditemaptkan faith in one's capacities for the above habit patterns and to select targets and new behaviors. This does not mean that they have absolutely no mempengaruyhinya thing could come to the determination of a critical life.
This analysis also recognizes that they are influenced by expectations and demands by other people significant to her, mainly because of prior decisions have been made at the time of their lives when they are very dependent on others. but the decision may be reviewed and challenged, and if the decision had been taken earlier are no longer suitable, can be made a decision.
C. PERSONALITY THEORY
Trasaksional analysis is seen as something positive, because humans can be improved ririskiky philosophical, dikembangnkan and converted directly through a secure, exciting and fun material. On the whole basic philosophy stems from the assumption that everything is OK, meaning that every individual has the basic behavior is fun and has the potential and desire to develop, and actualize themselves. In making the relationship denagn other people are very caring and nurturing individuals are talking with and invite others to happy, fit, and complement each other, which in the basic theory and practice of transactional nanlisi called I'm OK and You're OK, sebagiman occurred between the relationship husband and wife, father, employer employee, teacher-student, therapist-Kien, both as a balanced pair (Subandi, ed, 2003: 67).
Berne premise about ego status based on three hiopotesis valid at every indivudu occurred; 1. That any progress towards the maturity through the kanakkanak. 2. That every mansuia have a good brain tissue and capable of testing against reality seacar good. 3. That every individual who struggles to get to the adults already have a working parent or someone who is regarded as his parents (Subandi, 2004: 69)
Of the three hypotheses emerge that statement;
1. Pengalaman life-experience of childhood will continue to take place in her life and then be intangible sebaagi ego status.
2. Testing tealitas ego status is a function of its reality and not a separate and later intangible as an adult ego state.
3. In the implementation of the possibility of something outside the individual will be taken over
completely by the individual secaar and then intangible as the status of a parent's ego (Subandi,
2004: 69)
Transactional analysis classifies three separate patterns of behavior or status of the ego; parents, adults and children (TDA). Part parental personality is a introjek from parents and substitute parents. In the ego, the elderly, we re menagalai sebaagi imagine what feelings of our own parents in a situation or feel and act toward others as a diirasakan and done our parents to us. Parent ego status contains "should" and "should". Each of us has parents penagsuh and "parents critics."
Adult ego status is a data processor. This objective is part of a person who collects information about what is happening. This is not a emosioanl or who provide estimates but that work denagn dengann facts and external reality. Adults meyandang belief is that without a passion, but many problems are also mensayaratkan of empathy intuition that must be solved. Ego status of children consists of feelings of emotional encouragement as well as bolting a spontaneous child within each of us can be "pure child", the "little professor", or "foster child". Children are pure character trait that all people have; impulsive, untrained, spontaneous, aggressive. the "little professor" character Wisdom's children without going through school, Manipulative, egocentric, and creative, intuitive and play based on a feeling (original), "Child Pick up" characteristic: Modifications of pure desire children, modifications derived from traumatic experiences, demands, exercises, and decisions about how to the attention of people, while the. Foster child; sulking, approve, and rebellious (Corey, 1995: 375-376).
D. Destination therapy
Helping the client make keptusan daalm new framework, namely about tingkahlakunya sekrang pa-directed lives, how denagn way to assist clients to gain awareness of how the problem is related denagn mengahdapi clients freedom of choice and gives the option to determine how his life (Rosijan,).
E. The role and function of therapy
The therapist acts as a teacher is explaining techniques such as structural analysis, transaksioanl analysis, script analysis, and analysis of the game. The therapist helps the client in order to find conditions that are not profitable, adapt the plan of life and strategies in dealing denagn mengembangakn others. therapists assist clients in determining the alternatives (Subandi, ed, 2003: 83). Corey (1995: 386), states the task of therapy is to help clients get perangakt needed to get change, helping clients to find their internal strength to get denagn change the way decisions are more suitable.
F. The relationship between therapy and client
Like other behavioral therapies, this therapy requires more skill and a high sensitivity to establish a working hubunagn ddenagn clients. Therapist to be active and lead as well as the functioning sebaagi consultant and who can solve the problem. Therefore, they use hard brusaha model in encouraging behavior change in natural lingkunagn client, then the important thing to get attention is that they personally could be support (Corey, 1995: 422).
G. Technics and Therapy Process
The process of therapy in transaksioanal analysis approach consists of several methods, namely:
1. Structural Analysis
a. Is a device that can make man aware of the contents and functioning of the elderly, adults and children who exist in self meraka.
b. Clients can learn to identify the status of their egos.
2. Transaksioanal Analysis
a. A description of what they are doing and saying about her own and other people
b. What happens between people involving transactions ego status; if the message conveyed is
expected no response
c. 3 types of transactions; complementary, cross, & hidden
3. Complementary transactions
This can happen if the match between stimulus and response, proper and indeed expected that this transaction goes smoothly. For example conversation between two individuals who use the same egos status of parents, adults or children.
4. Cross Transactions,
This happens if between stimulus and response is not suitable or not as expected and usually this communication will be disrupted.
5. Transactions veiled,
Occur if the two operate together ego status. The bias can be felt include adult directed to adults, but hide the true suau message. For example, adult to child, or parent to child.
6. Modeling family
a. To deal with the elderly, adults and children and the constant
b. Clients are asked to imagine a scenario which includes as many org which significantly in the past, including himself
c. Clients as a director, producer, and actor
7. Analysis & leisure rituals
a. To deal with parents, adults & children constant
b. Clients are asked to imagine a scenario that includes as many people as significant in the past, including himself
c. Clients as a director, producer, and actor
8. Analysis & Racket games
Describes a game as a "hidden transaction sequence is complementary to the continuous walking forward toward the creation of well-ordered results and outcomes can be predicted"
9. Analysis twist
a. Part of the therapy process that will be able to identify the pattern of life followed by the client.
b. Client allows to choose a new alternative at the time of life
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